![]() among the least economically mobile countries. This challenges the notion of America as the land of opportunity." Other research places the U.S. Main article: Socio-economic mobility in the United States Intergenerational mobility Īccording to the 2007 "American Dream Report" study, "by some measurements"-relative mobility between generations-"we are actually a less mobile society than many other nations, including Canada, France, Germany and most Scandinavian countries. ![]() Growth mobility is certainly positive in these cases, since the sum of the incomes increases. For example, in the case of two agents, a change in income distribution might be. ![]() Exchange mobility is the mobility that results from a "reshuffling" of incomes among the economic agents, with no change in the income amounts.It answers the question, "how closely are the economic fortunes of children tied to that of their parents?" Relative mobility is a zero-sum game, absolute is not. Absolute mobility involves widespread economic growth and answers the question “To what extent do families improve their incomes over a generation?” Relative mobility is specific to individuals or groups and occurs without relation to the economy as a whole. Intra-generational mobility, in contrast, refers to movement up or down over the course of a working career. Inter-generational mobility compares a person's (or group's) income to that of her/his/their parents. ![]() Mobility may be between generations ("inter-generational") or within a person's or group's lifetime ("intra-generational"). There are many different ideas in the literature as to what constitutes a good mathematical measure of mobility, each with their own advantages and drawbacks. ![]()
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